Side-by-side comparison

Compare Baby Name Laws

Naming rules vary dramatically across Europe. Some countries maintain strict official lists, others are highly permissive. Use this comparison to understand how 25 European countries handle baby naming.

Strict (official list) Moderate (case review) Permissive (wide freedom)
Country System Official list Gender rule Foreign names Max names
🇮🇸 IcelandStrictLimited3
🇵🇹 PortugalStrictLimited2
🇩🇰 DenmarkStrictAcceptedNo limit
🇭🇺 HungaryStrictCommittee review2
🇩🇪 GermanyModerateRelaxedNo limit
🇦🇹 AustriaModerate3
🇨🇭 SwitzerlandModerateRelaxedNo limit
🇮🇹 ItalyModerate3
🇵🇱 PolandModerate2
🇭🇷 CroatiaModerate2
🇷🇸 SerbiaModerate2
🇸🇮 SloveniaModerate2
🇸🇰 SlovakiaModerate3
🇨🇿 Czech RepublicModerate2
🇱🇹 LithuaniaModerate2
🇱🇻 LatviaModerate2
🇷🇴 RomaniaModerateRelaxedNo limit
🇬🇷 GreeceModerateRelaxedNo limit
🇪🇸 SpainPermissive2
🇫🇷 FrancePermissiveNo limit
🇳🇱 NetherlandsPermissiveNo limit
🇧🇪 BelgiumPermissiveNo limit
🇸🇪 SwedenPermissiveNo limit
🇳🇴 NorwayPermissiveNo limit
🇫🇮 FinlandPermissive4

Key insights from the comparison

Strictest: Iceland

Iceland requires names to match Icelandic grammar and use only letters from the Icelandic alphabet (no C, Q, W, Z). A special committee (Mannanafnanefnd) reviews every new name.

Most permissive: France & Sweden

France (since 1993) and Sweden (since 2016) have removed most restrictions. Gender-neutral naming is allowed, and any culturally valid name is generally accepted.

Countries with official lists

Portugal, Iceland, Hungary, and Denmark maintain official lists. Denmark's list has over 50,000 names — one of the most extensive in Europe.

Gender rules

Iceland, Portugal, and Italy still generally require names to indicate the child's sex. Sweden removed this rule in 2016; Germany has relaxed it significantly.

Check your name across all 25 countries

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Country-specific guides

🇪🇸

Spain

🇫🇷

France

🇩🇪

Germany

🇮🇹

Italy

🇵🇹

Portugal

🇮🇸

Iceland

🇸🇪

Sweden

Last updated: April 2026. Comparison based on official regulations. Always consult your local civil registry for definitive answers.